众所周知,在高考英语试卷中的第一个部分就是听力,占整个英语高考卷的1/5分值;由于听力长期以来是学生英语学习中的弱项,分值比例高,而且与语法、阅读等书面考试题型相比,听力考试具有极强的时间效应,听力过程不具备复制性,考生必须学会掌握一定的听力技巧,充分利用宝贵的每一分钟。01对话预测在听取对话,尤其是Part A——Short Conversation时,考生可以按照下例wh-问题进行预测:(1)Who are the two speakers?(2)What is the possible relationship between them?(3)When did they have the conversation? (4)Where did the conversation take place?(5)Why do they have the conversation?(6)What did they plan to do?02语篇预测在Part B,Longer Conversation的听力过程中,考生按下列问题展开预测:(1)What is the topic of the passage?(2)Who is the speaker?(3)What facts did the speaker offer?(4)What facts did the speaker fail to offer?03依靠开篇句预测英语听力的第一句话通常会透露整篇的主题,所以考生要善于抓住听力材料的首句信息。例如:Americans have a popular saying“Time is money。” 从这一句开篇句我们可以预测的信息范围:(1)这是一篇关于时间的话题。(2)涉及的对象是美国人。04根据打印在试卷上的听力试题内容预测。例如: (A)Husband and wife. (B)Waiter and customer. (C)Student and teacher. (D)Receptionist and guest. 根据听力试题,考生可以预测到该对话肯定是侧重于对话人的身份,所以在听力过程中抓住透露双方关系的关键词即可。01透露说话人身份的关键词如果考生可以通过关键词很快判断对话者的关系和身份,将有助于考生有目的地集中注意力,并在脑海中搜索相关背景知识,进一步加深对听力材料的理解。例如:I just can’t believe you are a police officer,Kay. I remember in high school, you always wanted to be a lawyer.如果考生意识到该对话中的关键词为in high school,那么他马上可以意识到这是两个老同学之间的对话。又例如:Good morning, ladies and gentlemen . Welcome to Universal Studio. I’d like to guide you all the way in the amazing park and share the wonderful moments with you.这段话的关键词是guide, park,从中考生可以推断说话人是导游。以下是常见的对话者关系: husband—wife teacher—student boss—employee waiter—customer doctor—patient parents—kid classmates roommates shop assistant—customer02透露地点/场合的关键词考生如果善于捕捉听力材料中的关于地点或场合(即语言环境)的关键词,也有助于他们判断听力材料的主题、说话人之间关系等等。如果对话中出现 special price,那么对话很可能发生在商店;treatment,therapy等词可以透露出医患关系,以下是有关机场或者旅馆的关键词:Check in入住登记;pcheck out结账;porter搬;luggage行李;book a room预定房间;double room双人房;passenger乘客;economy class经济舱;business class公务舱;runway跑道;passport护照;flight航班;stewardess乘务员03捕捉数字,许多听力材料中涉及数字,例如年代、日期、价格、数量等等,并且会以基数词、序数词、分数、小数、百分比等形式出现,这就要求考生辨别各种形式的数字,还要熟悉数字之间的关系。例如:减价:20% off,special offer,special price,25% discount,sale原价:regular price,normal price增长:10% increase in…1/3 climb in……下降:23% fall in…5.5% decrease in…高考听力的第二部分Longer Conversation所占时间较长,如果考生能够培养一定的速记技巧,有助于保持部分听力内容,帮助记忆。毕竟高考的长篇对话时间并不算太长,高三考生只要进行初级的入门速记锻炼,不必把听到的所有内容写下来,只要捕捉一些关键性问题即可,比如时间、地点、数字以及相关信息等等。考生可以尝试以下技巧:01运用速记符号例如:↑up↓down←left→right=equal02发明并运用字母的缩写形式考生可以在平时训练时,本着便于记忆、快速、容易联想的原则,发明一些只需自己明白的字母搭配来表示相应的信息。例如:Ex—expensive, lg—large, eq—earthquake, ys—yesterday通过运用这些字母和符号,帮助考生储存信息,帮助回忆。01充分利用试卷刚发下来,听力还未播放的宝贵时间,阅读听力试题,并用铅笔在听力试题上画出重点(听力的试题部分考生可以在上面涂写,但是答卷部分禁止)。此刻考生可以运用预测技巧,对听力内容进行有的放矢的预测。02建议考生在听力播放过程中在试题卷上答题,而不是直接写在电脑答卷上,以节约时间。03切记对于没有听清的试题(尤其是PartA——short conversation)采取及时放弃的原则,即随便选择一个选项,把注意力集中到下一题,一定要抢在下一题播放之前,看完下一题的全部4个选项,千万不可纠缠于已播放好的前一题。一. 基数词的读法202读作:two hundred(and)two234读作:two hundred(and)thirty four1,234读作:one thousand,two hundred(and)thirty four但是在读法上须注意以下几点:(1)在英式英语中,一个数的最后两位(十位和个位)得用"and'',但美式英语中则不用。如:3,077(U.S):three thousand,seventy-seven(2)不定冠词"a"只在数的开头才和hundred,thousand等连用。试比较:146读作:a hundred(and)forty-six2,146读作:two thousand,one hundred(and)forty-six(3)1,000这个整数我们说a thousand,在and前我们也说a thousand,但是在一个有百位数的数目前就得说one thousand,试比较:1,031读作:a thousand,(and)thirty-one1,150读作:one thousand,one hundred(and)fifty(4)hundred,thousand和million这几个词的单数可以和"a"或者"one"连用,但是不能单独使用。在非正式文体中"a"比较常见;当我们说话比较准确的时候就用"one",试比较:I want to live for a hundred years.The journey took exactly one hundred days.(5)我们常常说eleven hundred(1,100),twelve hundred(1,200)等,而不说one thousand one hundred。从1,100到1,900之间的整数,这种说法最常见。11,234读作:eleven thousand two hundred (and) thirty-four155,721读作:one hundred(and)fifly-five thousand seven hundred (and) twenty-one6,155,702读作:six million one hundred(and)fifty-five thousand seven hundred and two26,000,008读作:twenty-six million and eight326,414,718读作:three hundred(and)twenty-six million,four hundred(and)fourteen thousand,seven hundred(and)eighteen4,302,000,000读作:four billion three hundred(and)two million由以上一组数字可以看出,多位数由右向左每3位有一逗号,这个逗号的作用非同小可,在记忆数字时,它可以帮我们很大的忙!逆向第一个逗号读thousand;向左再推三位,第二个逗号读million;第三个逗号读billion;第四个逗号读trillion。这几个逗号的作用在于,当我们听到若干thousand时,立即写下这个数,并在其后打一个逗号,并留出3位;当听到若干 million,则写下数字,并在其后打一逗号,留出6位;听到若干billion,方法同上,在后面留出9位,后面的million、thousand 依此法类推,让所有数字各就其位。例如,当你听到"twenty thousand and four"写出20,"and four"意为后一组仅有个位,即:004,那么,这个数字完整地写下来就是20,004;若听到"six million twenty thousand four hundred and twenty-three,"则第一步先写:6,020,再将最后一组423写在第一个逗号后面。完整的翠字为6,020,423。由此可见这个三位一逗号的作用有多大。只要我们在平时的训练中加强对三位数读写的训练,就能区分"ty"与"teen'',并能借助这个不可缺少的"逗号",无论数字多么大,也不会对我们造成障碍。二、序数词的读法lst读作:(the)first2nd读作:(the)second3nd读作:(the)third4th读作: (the)fourth20th读作:(the)twentieth21st读作:(the)twenty-first22nd读作: (the)twenty-second23rd读作:(the)twenty-third其他以此类推。三、小数的读法小数点"."读"point",小数点前按基数词的读法来读,小数点后的数若是两位以上,则分别读出。0.5读作:zero point five0.25读作:zerop point two five0.125读作:zero point one two five93,64m读作:ninety-three point six four meters2'15.11''读作:two minutes fifteen point one one seconds四. 年代及日期的读法数字表示的年份通常分成两半来读:2000B.C.读作:two thousand BC1558读作:fifteen fifty-eight1603读作:sixteen(hundred and)three/sixteen oh three921读作:nine twenty-one对于日期的表达,英式和美式有所不同,请注意区别:英式先写日子,美式先写月份:英:1999年4月6日=6th April l999美:1999年4月6日=April 6,1999在读法上,英国人有两种表达方式:April the sixth,nineteen ninety-nine/the sixth of April,nineteen ninety-nine美国人则一般这样表示:April sixth,nineteen ninety-nine(省略"the")五. 钟点的读法钟点的读法分英式和美式两种,我们应对此加以注意。英:7:00读作:seven o'clock a.m./p.m.8:15读作:a quarter past eight/eight fifteen9:30读作:half past nine/nine thirty9:45读作:a quarter to ten/nine forty-five10:03读作:three(minutes)past ten/ten oh three美用法基本相似,只是英国用past之处,美国通常用after;英国用to之处,美国常用of,例如:5:15读作:a quarter after five/five fifteen9:45读作:a quarter of ten/nine forty-five9:55读作:five of ten/nine fifty-five一、餐馆场景order 点菜serve 上菜tip 小费change 零钱Keep the change! 不用找零钱了!treat请客(This is my treat! 我请客!)go DutchAA制(Let’s go fifty fifty. )steak 牛排cheese 奶酪sandwich 三明治bacon 培根(腌肉)soup汤plain water自来水(西餐中洗手用的)doughnut 多纳圈appetizer 开胃菜dessert 甜品,水果(作为正餐的最后一道)go out for dinner / dinner out 出去吃饭snack bar 小吃街;大排挡hamburger汉堡包coke 可口可乐French fries 炸薯条dining hall大餐厅、食堂coffee shop 咖啡店;restaurant 饭店、饭馆 ;cafeteria 自助餐厅buffet 自助餐二、邮局场景stamp邮票envelope信封package / parcel 包裹overweight 超重extra postage 额外邮资send / post / deliver a letter / mail 寄 /发信express mail快件airmail 航空信件surface mail陆地邮寄open an account开一个帐户三、图书馆场景library card 借书证borrow 借入lend 把…借给(借出去)bookshelf 书架novel(长篇)小说science fiction科幻小说magazine 杂志periodical期刊reference book参考书; 工具书;librarian图书管理员pay a fine 交罚款四、医院及健康场景aspirin 阿司匹林emergence department 急诊室ICU (= intensive care unit ) 特护病房treatment 治疗手段take one’s temperature / blood pressure 测量体温/血压medicine: pills / tablets 药丸/药片heart attack 心脏病cold / flu 流感:have/catch a coldheadache 头痛stomach-ache胃痛backache 背痛腰痛sore-throat 喉咙痛cough咳嗽fever 发热How is it going? How are you?回答好:I’m fine. / I feel good / terrific. / I couldn’t be better. / Nothing is very wrong with me.回答不好:I am not feeling good. / I feel terrible/horrible/awful. / I am not myself these days.(注意听语气:身体好的时候,语调上扬,语气非常欢快; 身体不好的时候,降调,语气非常郁闷。)五、电话场景operator接线员Extension six two six, please. 请转626。The line is bad/ busy / engaged. It kept a busy line. 电话占线。long distance call 长途电话collect call 对方付费的电话put through 接通电话hold on / up Hold the line, please. 请稍等一下I’ll call back later / again. 我一会回电话Sorry, I’m afraid you have the wrong number.抱歉,你打错电话了。六、酒店场景make a reservation 预定房间reception desk 接待处check in 入住check out 结帐single room 单间suite 套间Do you have a reservation Sir?Have you got any vacant room?(= Is there any room available here?)有空房间吗?All the room are occupied. 房间已满。Meals included.包括饮食。七、超速场景Speeding 超速行驶May I see your license, please?我可以看一下你的执照吗?You will be fined by $20.你将被罚款20美元。八、购物场景store 杂货店department store 百货商场shopping center 购物中心expensive, cheap 商品论贵贱high, low 价格论高低bargain便宜货popular / fashionable 流行的in fashion 流行,时尚out of fashion 过时的brand 品牌counter柜台pay in cash 用现金支付pay in check 用支票支付credit card 信用卡shop assistant 商店营业员out of stock 脱销/缺货in stock 有货九、天气场景cloudy 阴天overcast 多云thunder打雷strong/ high wind 大风tornado龙卷风typhoon 台风storm风暴blizzard暴风雨It rains cats and dogs. (=The rain is pouring.)下着倾盆大雨。downpour倾盆大雨shower 阵雨clear up 天空放晴put away clothes 下雨收起衣服weather in London / Seattle意指不好的天气weather in California意指好天气经常和天气相联系的情况:vacation 和 flight (航班) (be delayed/cancelled by the bad weather)十、机场场景flight航班Welcome on board 欢迎登机bound for…飞往……方向去的check in 办理登机手续behind schedule晚点take off 起飞land 降落